Revised [Conlang] Phonology
Xokatl Phonology (1.2)
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
|
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Alveolar |
Velar |
Plosive |
p b |
|
t
d |
k g |
Nasal |
m |
|
n |
ŋ |
Fricative |
|
|
s z |
ʃ ʒ |
|
Lateral affricate |
|
|
tɬ͡ |
|
Approximants |
|
ʋ |
ɹ |
|
Lateral Approx. |
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i |
|
ɯ |
Close-mid |
e |
|
o |
Open-mid |
|
|
|
Open |
a |
|
|
Diphthongs
/aw wa wi we wM wo
ia ea ao io eo ai ei/
Allophony (per
phoneme; X-Sampa notation)
Consonants
/p/ - in proximity
to fricatives, [p_h], otherwise [p]
/b/ - devoices
finally to [p]
/t/ - in proximity
to fricatives, [t_h], otherwise [t]
/d/ - devoices
finally to [t]
/k/ - in proximity
to fricatives, [k_h], otherwise [k]
/g/ - devoices
finally to [k]
/m/ - no change
/n/ - in certain
cases, [N]. This is noted where it occurs
/N/ - no change
/s/ - voices
finally to [z]
/z/ - palatalizes
to [Z]
/S/ - no change
/Z/ - no change
/tK/ - no change
/r\/ - merges into
[4] with /l/ at syllable borders
/l/ - merges into
[4] with /r\/ at syllable borders
/v\/ - realized as
[w] in diphthongs, no graphemic difference
Vowels
/i/ - Generally
always realized as [i].
/e/ - Regardless of
onset, if coda is non-nasal, or /N/ as coda, or isolated, [e]. With
onset and either non-nasal coda or /N/ as coda, [E]. With onset and
nasal (with exception of /N/) coda, [I].
/a/ - Generally
always realized as [a].
/M/ - If there is
no onset or coda, or a non-nasal onset or coda, [M]. If onset
is /m/ or /n/, and
coda is any nasal, then [u]. Regardless of onset, and if coda is /r\/,
then [7].
/o/ - If onset is
/r\/, then [8]. If coda is /tK/, then [a]. In all other cases [o].
Phonotactics
Syllable Structure
Onset and Coda are both optional, Nucleus is always a vowel.
((C)(/r\/, /l/,
/v\/))+V+(V)+((C)(/mp/, /nk/, /tK/, /N/)(C))
/N/ and /tK/
disallowed initially. If initial consonant isn’t /m/, /n/, /s/, /z/,
/r/, /l/, or /v\/, then /r/, /l/, or /v\/ can follow. Vowel, diphthong,
or double vowel can follow (if /v\/ is part of the onset, the subsequent
vowel is diphthongized with it). The coda can be either any consonant by
itself, clusters /mp/, /nk/ (realized [Nk]), or plosives followed by
fricatives (or vice versa).
Stress Rule
In monosyllabic words, there is no stress.
Polysyllabic words in isolation feature stress in the final syllable,
realized as a lengthened vowel (/:/). When in a longer phrase, only the
final syllable of the phrase features this stress.
Romanized
Orthography
Vowels
/i e a M o/
<i e a u o>
Consonants
/p b t d k g m n
N s z S Z tK v\ r\ l/
<p b t d k g m n ñ s z x zh tl w r l>
Summary of
revisions for version 1.2
1.
Re-revised diphthongs.
2.
Re-revised stress rule.
Summary of
revisions
1.
Removal of /I/.
2.
Changed /u/ to /M/.
3.
Revised diphthongs.
4.
Revised allophony for both consonants, and extensively for
vowels.
5.
Revised syllable structure.
6.
Revised stress rule.
7. Added Romanized Orthography.
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